Death of Jesus = 30ad ü John 2:20 mentions the temple had been under construction for 46 years. Herod the Great began rebuilding the Temple in 20/19 BC (Josephus, Antiquities 15.380). Therefore, is 27/28 AD. ü Luke 3:1 dates John the Baptist’s death to the 15th year of Tiberius (AD 28/29). ü Pilate’s governorship (AD 26–36) ü AD 30 (April 7): Fits the lunar calendar, Pilate’s governorship, and the Gospel chronology. Many scholars prefer this date. Logia 30ad-44ad (Q? Gospel of Thomas? Gospel according to Hebrews, Gospel of Matthew) Hebrew Matthew 42AD (death of James the greater 42-44ad (44=death of herod)) - 51AD ü 42ad With nearly all apostles in Jerusalem, no need for gathering logia ü 51ad Had to be in circulation for Mark to bring it with him to Rome Mark writes his gospel between 52 AD - 58 AD ü Peter goes to Rome with Mark around 52 AD. Luke writes his Gospel 57 Ad - 61A ü Luke has been gathering materials from Philippi starting around 50 ad when he stays in Philippi with Lydia and her family ü Luke completes his investigation and writes while in Jerusalem with Paul 59ad-61ad ü Acts completed 61ad-64ad with Paul still alive John writes 62 Ad - 69AD ü John begins writing relatively late at the request of Bishops of Asia in response to heresies spreading ü 62 ad James dies and heresies become rampant ü 69ad – temple is destroyed 70 Ad but John clearly states the temple is still standing Greek Matthew completed 55 AD - 69 AD ü Greek Matthew is composed after Mark 52 AD - 58 AD is in circulation ü But before Luke and John are in circulation and before destruction of Temple. ü This early Greek Matthew has no genealogy. Later additions to Gospels Greek Matthew genealogy 107 AD–133 AD. ü 107ad After death of Symeon son of Alphaeus/Clopas ü Before destruction of Judas family 133AD Mark 16:9-20 - 136 AD - 155 AD ü Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus end at Mark 16:8, with no longer ending ü Irenaeus (c. 180 AD) explicitly quotes Mark 16:19 in Against Heresies (Book 3.10.5) ü Probably after Bar Kokhba revolt 136ad but before Polycarp’s death 155 AD John 7:52-8:11 (Luke 21:38) Pericope Adulterae (from Gospel to Hebrews?) ü Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus, Papyrus 66 (c. 200 AD) and Papyrus 75 (c. 220) exclude it ü Codex Bezae (c. 350 AD) includes it, though in a different place (after Luke 21:38). ü No mention by Origen (f.230), Chrysostom (f. 390) — they pass directly from 7:52 to 8:12. ü Didymus the Blind (c. 360 AD) refers to the story, showing it was known in Alexandria ü Ambrose, Augustine, Jerome (late 4th–early 5th century) all know and defend the passage. Augustine even suggests some had removed it because they feared it encouraged leniency toward adultery. Other less important changes 3. The Comma Johanneum (1 John 5:7–8) ü In the King James Version: “For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one.” ü This explicit Trinitarian formula is not found in any Greek manuscript before the 14th century. 4. The Ending of the Lord’s Prayer (Matthew 6:13) ü “For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, forever. Amen.” ü Likely a liturgical addition from early church worship, later copied into the text. 5. Acts 8:37 ü In some manuscripts: “And Philip said, If thou believest with all thine heart, thou mayest. And he answered and said, I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.” ü Likely added to clarify baptismal confession practices. 6. Mark 15:28 ü “And the scripture was fulfilled, which saith, And he was numbered with the transgressors.” ü Absent from earliest manuscripts, probably inserted to echo Isaiah 53:12. 7. Luke 22:43–44 (Agony in the Garden – May have been omitted intentionally as implausible) ü “An angel from heaven appeared to him and strengthened him. And being in anguish, he prayed more earnestly, and his sweat was like drops of blood falling to the ground.” ü Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus, and Papyrus 75 (c. 220) exclude it ü Justin Martyr (150) and Ireneus (180) mention it This is the longer explanation that appears when clicked.